Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States.
Brain Behav Immun. 2010 Feb;24(2):215-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.009. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
In contrast to a general model of stress, a functional model suggests that emotions may regulate stress responses in specific adaptive ways. The current study examined whether anger and fear during a challenging stress task (Trier Social Stress Task) were differentially associated with cortisol and proinflammatory cytokine responses to an acute stressor. Baseline anger and fear were related to greater cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines. However, anger reactions to the stressor were associated with greater stress-related increases in cortisol over time but not proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, fear reactions to the stressor were associated with increases in stress-related proinflammatory cytokines over time and a decrease in cortisol. Results are consistent with the functional perspective that distinct emotional experiences appear to trigger temporally-patterned adaptive biological processes to mobilize energy in response to anger and to promote withdrawal in response to fear. Discussion focuses on the role of the HPA axis to increase available metabolic fuel and proinflammatory cytokines to prompt behavioral withdrawal.
与一般的应激模型相反，功能模型表明情绪可能以特定的适应性方式调节应激反应。本研究考察了在挑战性应激任务（特里尔社会应激测试）期间的愤怒和恐惧是否与皮质醇和促炎细胞因子对急性应激源的反应存在差异。基线愤怒和恐惧与更高的皮质醇和促炎细胞因子有关。然而，应激源的愤怒反应与皮质醇随时间的应激相关增加有关，但与促炎细胞因子无关。相比之下，应激源的恐惧反应与应激相关的促炎细胞因子随时间的增加以及皮质醇的减少有关。结果与功能视角一致，即不同的情绪体验似乎会引发有时间模式的适应性生物过程，以调动能量应对愤怒，并在面对恐惧时促进撤退。讨论集中在 HPA 轴的作用上，该轴增加可用代谢燃料和促炎细胞因子，以促使行为撤退。
