School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Oct;27(12):1281-92. doi: 10.1080/02640410903229287.
We examined the effects of trichotomous achievement goals on performance, enjoyment, and practice of a golf-putting task. Male (n = 39) and female (n = 63) undergraduate students participated in the experiment in exchange for course credit. Participants were assigned to a mastery, performance-approach, or performance-avoidance goal condition and completed seven blocks of 10 trials (one for baseline, four for the experimental phase, and two for the transfer phase) of a golf-putting task. Distance from the target was measured and performance measures of accuracy and consistency were calculated. Self-reported enjoyment during the baseline and experimental phases and practice during a 5-min period before and following the experimental task were also assessed. Performance accuracy and consistency improved similarly among the three groups. Individuals in all three conditions reported enjoying the task to the same extent. Mastery participants practiced for longer than performance-approach participants during the practice period. Performance-avoidance participants did not differ significantly from the other two groups. The three goals were equally effective in promoting performance and enjoyment of the golf-putting task. The differential practice results for the two performance goals suggest that they should be considered separately.
我们考察了三分 Achievement 目标对高尔夫推杆任务的表现、享受和练习的影响。实验中共有 39 名男性和 63 名女性大学生参加，他们可以通过完成课程获得学分。参与者被分配到掌握目标、表现趋近目标或表现回避目标的条件，并完成 10 次高尔夫推杆任务的 7 个回合（1 次用于基线，4 次用于实验阶段，2 次用于转移阶段）。测量了与目标的距离，并计算了准确性和一致性的表现指标。自我报告了基线和实验阶段的享受程度，以及实验任务前后 5 分钟的练习情况。三组参与者的表现准确性和一致性都有相似程度的提高。所有三组参与者都报告说同样享受任务。掌握目标参与者在练习期间的练习时间比表现趋近目标参与者长。表现回避目标参与者与其他两组没有显著差异。这三个目标在促进高尔夫推杆任务的表现和享受方面同样有效。两个表现目标的差异练习结果表明，它们应该分开考虑。
