Morris Rebecca L, Kavussanu Maria
Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2008 Mar;26(5):465-76. doi: 10.1080/02640410701579388.
We investigated antecedents of mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals in sport. University athletes (n = 230) aged 18-25 years (mean 20.3 years, s = 1.5) completed measures of approach-avoidance goals, perceived parental motivational climate, perceived team motivational climate, perceived competence, and demographics. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mastery-approach goals were positively predicted by perceived competence, mastery team climate, learning/enjoyment parental climate, and gender, with males being higher on these goals than females. Mastery-avoidance goals were predicted positively by learning/enjoyment parental climate and negatively by gender, with females being higher on these goals than males. Performance-approach goals were positively predicted by perceived competence, performance team climate, and gender, with males being higher on these goals than females. Finally, performance-avoidance goals were predicted positively by worry-conducive parental climate. These findings suggest that a mastery or performance climate is related to whether athletes adopt a mastery or performance goal, whereas the perception of competence is associated with whether athletes adopt approach-focused goals. Gender should be considered in future examinations of the approach-avoidance achievement goals in sport.
我们调查了体育领域中掌握趋近目标、掌握回避目标、成绩趋近目标和成绩回避目标的影响因素。18至25岁（平均20.3岁，标准差1.5）的大学生运动员（n = 230）完成了关于趋近-回避目标、感知到的父母动机氛围、感知到的团队动机氛围、感知到的能力以及人口统计学信息的测量。多元回归分析显示，掌握趋近目标由感知到的能力、掌握型团队氛围、学习/享受型父母氛围以及性别正向预测，男性在这些目标上高于女性。掌握回避目标由学习/享受型父母氛围正向预测，由性别负向预测，女性在这些目标上高于男性。成绩趋近目标由感知到的能力、成绩型团队氛围以及性别正向预测，男性在这些目标上高于女性。最后，成绩回避目标由易引发担忧的父母氛围正向预测。这些发现表明，掌握型或成绩型氛围与运动员是否采用掌握目标或成绩目标相关，而对能力的感知与运动员是否采用以趋近为重点的目标相关。在未来对体育领域趋近-回避成就目标的研究中应考虑性别因素。
