Benzodiazepine dependence: management of discontinuation.

This article discusses the management of benzodiazepine (BZ) withdrawal in patients who are chronically benzodiazepine dependent. Gradual benzodiazepine discontinuation is preferable to abrupt discontinuation, particularly for patients on short half-life benzodiazepines. For a small number of patients, replacement of short half-life with long half-life benzodiazepines may also be helpful. Finally, we present new preliminary data from a controlled, double-blind study that suggest that adjunctive use of such drugs as carbamazepine, imipramine, and buspirone may be helpful in managing gradual benzodiazepine discontinuation. Initiating adjunctive medication prior to, and continuing it during and after benzodiazepine discontinuation led to significantly higher discontinuation success rates for carbamazepine (91%), buspirone (85%), and imipramine (79%) than for placebo (58%) (p less than .05). Careful followup for an extended period of time is needed after benzodiazepine discontinuation because, frequently, emerging psychiatric symptoms may again necessitate psychiatric intervention.