Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark.
Health Policy. 2009 Jul;91 Suppl 1:S15-25. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8510(09)70004-1.
To provide a short review of the evidence base supporting smoking cessation interventions, including behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment options.
Published meta-analysis was mainly used supplemented with a limited literature search.
Effective smoking cessation consists of pharmacotherapy and behavioral support. Counseling increases abstinence rates parallel to the intensity of support. First-line pharmacological drugs for smoking cessation are nicotine replacement products (patch, gum, inhaler, nasal spray, lozenge/tablets), varenicline and bupropion SR with scientific well-documented efficacy when used for 2-3 months and mostly mild side effects. Alternative therapies such as hypnosis and acupuncture have no scientifically proven effects.
With the most optimal drugs and counseling today a 1-year abstinence rate of approximately 25% can be expected in smoking cessation. On-going research is examining the potential effects of nicotine vaccination as relapse prevention.
简要回顾支持戒烟干预的证据基础，包括行为疗法和药物治疗选择。
主要使用已发表的荟萃分析，并辅以有限的文献检索。
有效的戒烟包括药物治疗和行为支持。咨询的强度与戒烟的成功率成正比。戒烟的一线药物是尼古丁替代产品（贴片、口香糖、吸入器、鼻喷剂、含片/片剂）、伐尼克兰和安非他酮 SR，在使用 2-3 个月时具有科学证明的疗效，并且副作用大多较轻。替代疗法，如催眠和针灸，没有科学证明的效果。
目前使用最理想的药物和咨询，戒烟后一年的戒断率约为 25%。正在进行的研究正在检验尼古丁疫苗作为预防复发的潜在效果。
