Kaposi's sarcoma after renal transplantation.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence, features and outcome of post transplant KS among Iranian recipients of living kidney allograft. We studied 2211 kidney allograft recipients who underwent living renal transplantation at our center between January 1984 and August 2007. All patients in our study received cyclosporine based immunosuppressive agents. The diagnosis of KS was confirmed with pathological evaluations of tissue biopsy specimens. There were 10 of 2211 (0.45%) incident cases of KS kidney transplant population at our center during a mean follow up of 57 +/- 38 months. Of the 10 KS patients, 8 were males and two were females with a median age of 52 years. The median time from transplantation to the development of KS was 8 months. Overall, two (20%) patients developed visceral involvement (one eye, one bladder), and eight patients manifested only KS restricted to the skin. Immunosuppression was reduced in 5 patients and thoroughly withdrawn in the remainder (including two cases of visceral involvement); KS did not abate in the patient with bladder involvement. All the KS patients remained alive after a mean of 35.6 +/- 39.3 months of follow up; two patients lost their allograft and underwent dialysis (one after 3 months and one another after 4 months of KS diagnosis). The KS patients were significantly older at their transplantation time (P= 0.008; [Table 1]). Survival analysis using Kaplan Meier method and log-rank test revealed no difference in graft and patient survival between both groups. In conclusion, we found low incidence of KS in our living renal transplant recipients. The outcome of the KS patients was excellent with low morbidity and mortality. The incidence of KS was significantly associated with an older age at transplantation time for the allograft recipients. Further studies with larger patient population are warranted to confirm our results.