Schuster D J, Thompson S, Ortega L D, Polston J E
Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Aug;102(4):1482-9. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0412.
The impact of trademarked and commercial products on settling of adults of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), was studied in the laboratory. A no-choice bioassay using leaf disks of tomato, Solanum esculentum L., was developed to evaluate the impact of concentration series of products on settling of B. tabaci adults. The concentration of each product that would reduce settling by 50% (SC50) was estimated for each product using standard probit analyses, and the values were compared with that of Ultra-Fine Oil, a paraffinic oil product that is known to reduce settling of whitefly adults. Twenty-two trademarked products and 42 other products were evaluated in the laboratory bioassay. Based upon comparisons of fiducial limits of the respective SC50 values, Dawn detergent and E-RASE jojoba oil were the only trademarked products that were as effective as Ultra-Fine Oil in reducing settling of B. tabaci adults. Of the nontrademarked products, 25 were similar to Ultra-Fine Oil, although cedar, geranium, ginger, Hamlin (citrus), patchouli, olive and wintergreen oils, as well as citronellal and limonene, had ratios of respective SC50 values with that of Ultra-Fine Oil of approximately 1.5 or less. Combinations of limonene and citronellal with either olive oil or Ultra-Fine Oil were 15 and 30 times, respectively, more effective than Ultra-Fine Oil alone. Candidate products and combinations of products were further evaluated on tomato seedlings in no-choice screenhouse trials for effects on oviposition and on transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus, TYLCV) by B. tabaci. Ultra-Fine Oil and olive oil reduced oviposition and transmission of TYLCV in the screenhouse trials. Ginger oil and limonene reduced oviposition in at least one screenhouse trial but did reduce transmission of TYLCV. The laboratory bioassay provided a rapid and relatively easy method to compare products for reducing settling of B. tabaci adults. Even though the reduced settling indicated in the laboratory bioassays was not always reflected in reduced oviposition or TYLCV transmission in the screenhouse trials, the bioassay was useful in rapidly identifying products that reduce settling and that could be investigated further.
在实验室中研究了商标产品和商业产品对甘薯粉虱成虫（烟粉虱，Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)）栖息的影响。开发了一种使用番茄（Solanum esculentum L.）叶片圆盘的无选择生物测定法，以评估产品浓度系列对烟粉虱成虫栖息的影响。使用标准概率分析估计每种产品能使栖息减少50%的浓度（SC50），并将这些值与超精细油（一种已知可减少粉虱成虫栖息的石蜡油产品）的值进行比较。在实验室生物测定中评估了22种商标产品和42种其他产品。根据各自SC50值的置信限比较，汰渍洗涤剂和E - RASE荷荷巴油是仅有的在减少烟粉虱成虫栖息方面与超精细油效果相同的商标产品。在非商标产品中，25种与超精细油相似，不过雪松、天竺葵、姜、哈姆林（柑橘）、广藿香、橄榄和冬青油，以及香茅醛和柠檬烯，其各自的SC50值与超精细油的比值约为1.5或更低。柠檬烯与香茅醛分别与橄榄油或超精细油的组合比单独使用超精细油的效果分别高15倍和30倍。在无选择温室试验中，在番茄幼苗上进一步评估候选产品及其组合对产卵以及烟粉虱传播番茄黄化曲叶病毒（双生病毒科，菜豆金色花叶病毒属，TYLCV）的影响。在温室试验中，超精细油和橄榄油减少了TYLCV的产卵和传播。姜油和柠檬烯在至少一项温室试验中减少了产卵，但并未减少TYLCV的传播。实验室生物测定提供了一种快速且相对简便的方法来比较产品对减少烟粉虱成虫栖息的效果。尽管实验室生物测定中显示的栖息减少并不总是在温室试验中的产卵减少或TYLCV传播减少中得到体现，但该生物测定对于快速识别能减少栖息且可进一步研究的产品很有用。
