Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran.
Waste Manag Res. 2010 Oct;28(10):921-7. doi: 10.1177/0734242X09345794. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
In this study, oily sludge samples generated from a Tehran oil refinery (Pond I) were evaluated for their contamination levels and to propose an adequate remediation technique for the wastes. A simple, random, sampling method was used to collect the samples. The samples were analyzed to measure Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metal concentrations in the sludge. Statistical analysis showed that seven samples were adequate to assess the sludge with respect to TPH analyses. The mean concentration of TPHs in the samples was 265,600 mg kg⁻¹. A composite sample prepared from a mix of the seven samples was used to determine the sludge's additional characteristics. Composite sample analysis showed that there were no detectable amounts of PAHs in the sludge. In addition, mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals Ni, Pb, Cd and Zn were 2700, 850, 100, 6100 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. To assess the sludge contamination level, the results from the analysis above were compared with soil clean-up levels. Due to a lack of national standards for soil clean-up levels in Iran, sludge pollutant concentrations were compared with standards set in developed countries. According to these standards, the sludge was highly polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicated that incineration, biological treatment and solidification/stabilization treatments would be the most appropriate methods for treatment of the sludges. In the case of solidification/stabilization, due to the high organic content of the sludge, it is recommended to use organophilic clays prior to treatment of the wastes.
本研究以伊朗德黑兰一家炼油厂（Pond I）产生的油泥为对象，评估其污染水平，并为废物提出适当的修复技术。采用简单的随机抽样方法收集样品。分析样品以测量油泥中的总石油烃（TPH）、多环芳烃（PAH）和重金属浓度。统计分析表明，有七个样本足以评估 TPH 分析中的污泥。样品中 TPH 的平均浓度为 265600mgkg⁻¹。从七个样本的混合物中制备的复合样品用于确定污泥的其他特性。复合样品分析表明，污泥中没有可检测到的多环芳烃。此外，所选重金属 Ni、Pb、Cd 和 Zn 的平均浓度分别为 2700、850、100 和 6100mgkg⁻¹。为了评估污泥的污染水平，将上述分析的结果与土壤清洁水平进行了比较。由于伊朗缺乏土壤清洁水平的国家标准，因此将污泥污染物浓度与发达国家制定的标准进行了比较。根据这些标准，污泥受到石油烃的严重污染。结果表明，焚烧、生物处理和固化/稳定化处理将是处理污泥最适宜的方法。在固化/稳定化的情况下，由于污泥的有机含量高，建议在处理废物之前使用亲有机物粘土。
