Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, Sheffield, UK.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Jan;67(1):89-98. doi: 10.1007/s00018-009-0152-x. Epub 2009 Sep 10.
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensin II, the primary bioactive peptide of the RAS, is generated from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). A homologue of ACE, ACE2, is able to convert angiotensin II to a peptide with opposing effects, angiotensin-(1-7). It is proposed that disturbance of the balance of ACE and ACE2 expression and/or function is important in pathologies in which angiotensin II plays a role. These include cardiovascular and renal disease, lung injury and liver fibrosis. The critical roles of ACE and ACE2 in regulating angiotensin II levels have traditionally focussed attention on their activities as angiotensinases. Recent discoveries, however, have illuminated the roles of these enzymes and of the ACE2 homologue, collectrin, in intracellular trafficking and signalling. This paper reviews the key literature regarding both the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene family.
肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）是血压和液体平衡的关键调节系统。血管紧张素 II 是 RAS 的主要生物活性肽，由血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）从血管紧张素 I 中生成。ACE 的同源物 ACE2 能够将血管紧张素 II 转化为具有相反作用的肽，即血管紧张素-(1-7)。有人提出，ACE 和 ACE2 表达和/或功能的平衡失调在其中血管紧张素 II 起作用的病理中很重要。这些疾病包括心血管和肾脏疾病、肺损伤和肝纤维化。ACE 和 ACE2 作为血管紧张素酶调节血管紧张素 II 水平的关键作用传统上集中在它们的活性上。然而，最近的发现阐明了这些酶以及 ACE2 同源物集合素在细胞内运输和信号转导中的作用。本文综述了关于血管紧张素转换酶基因家族的催化和非催化作用的关键文献。
