Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Feb 5;315(1-2):19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.008. Epub 2009 Sep 16.
Thyroid hormone is essential for proper brain development since it acts on processes such as neuronal migration and differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis. In this review, we summarize the consequences of thyroid hormone deficiency for brain development with special focus on the cerebellum, an important target of thyroid action. In addition, we discuss the role of iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid hormone transporters in regulating local thyroid hormone concentrations as well as current knowledge about the function of thyroid hormone receptors and their target genes during brain maturation. Despite considerable progress in recent years in deciphering thyroid hormone signaling pathways we still know very little on the molecular level by which mode of action thyroid hormone exerts its cell-specific effects. Hence, we will particularly address the open questions that remain to be addressed in order to better understand the role of thyroid hormone in brain development.
甲状腺激素对大脑发育至关重要，因为它作用于神经元迁移和分化、髓鞘形成和突触发生等过程。在这篇综述中，我们总结了甲状腺激素缺乏对大脑发育的影响，特别关注甲状腺作用的重要靶器官小脑。此外，我们还讨论了碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶和甲状腺激素转运蛋白在调节局部甲状腺激素浓度中的作用，以及当前关于甲状腺激素受体及其靶基因在大脑成熟过程中的功能的知识。尽管近年来在解析甲状腺激素信号通路方面取得了相当大的进展，但我们在分子水平上仍然知之甚少，即甲状腺激素发挥其细胞特异性作用的方式。因此，我们将特别讨论仍需解决的悬而未决的问题，以更好地理解甲状腺激素在大脑发育中的作用。
