Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 Jan;35(1):5-14. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.003.
The stress hormones, glucocorticoids, bind to intracellular receptor proteins and act as transcription factors affecting gene activity. These genomic effects occur over hours and even days producing long-term changes in synaptic plasticity and neural transmission. In addition to this classic genomic pathway, there is evidence that stress hormones can have immediate, non-genomic effects on brain function. Using non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging, awake, adrenalectomized rats were given intravenous doses of corticosterone mimicking blood levels of hormone achieved with modest and intense stress. The dose of corticosterone mimicking high stress caused a significant increase in functional activity in the hippocampus, forebrain cortex and lateral hypothalamus within minutes of administration. This finding shows that stress hormones can have non-genomic effects on brain activity potentially affecting the immediate cognitive and behavioral response to a highly emotional experience.
应激激素，如糖皮质激素，与细胞内受体蛋白结合，作为转录因子影响基因活性。这些基因组效应发生在数小时甚至数天内，导致突触可塑性和神经传递的长期变化。除了这种经典的基因组途径外，还有证据表明应激激素可以对大脑功能产生即时的、非基因组的影响。使用非侵入性功能磁共振成像，对接受过肾上腺切除术的清醒大鼠静脉给予模拟中等强度和高强度应激时血液中激素水平的皮质酮。在给药后几分钟内，模拟高强度应激的皮质酮剂量导致海马体、前脑皮层和外侧下丘脑的功能活动显著增加。这一发现表明，应激激素可以对大脑活动产生非基因组效应，可能会影响对高度情绪化体验的即时认知和行为反应。
