Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb;300(2-3):142-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.08.017. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
In most bacteria, nutrient limitations provoke the stringent control by the rapid synthesis of the alarmones pppGpp and ppGpp. The most prominent and highly conserved reaction is the repression of rRNA synthesis. Additionally, (p)ppGpp synthesis is also linked to many other physiological changes involving gene activation/repression but also protein translation, enzyme activation and replication. Whereas much of the basic research was performed with Escherichia coli there is now growing evidence that in gram-positive bacteria there are fundamental differences in (p)ppGpp synthesis, regulation and molecular function. Here we will focus on basic differences between firmicutes and proteobacteria, particularly E. coli.
在大多数细菌中，营养限制会引发 ppGpp 和 pppGpp 的快速合成，从而引发严格控制。最显著和高度保守的反应是 rRNA 合成的抑制。此外，(p)ppGpp 的合成也与许多其他生理变化有关，包括基因激活/抑制，但也包括蛋白质翻译、酶激活和复制。虽然大部分基础研究都是在大肠杆菌中进行的，但现在有越来越多的证据表明，在革兰氏阳性菌中，(p)ppGpp 的合成、调控和分子功能存在着根本的差异。在这里，我们将重点介绍厚壁菌门和变形菌门之间的基本差异，特别是大肠杆菌。
