Changes in thyroid volume during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease and its relationship to TSH receptor antibodies, TSH and thyroglobulin.

Changes in thyroid volume during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease compared with circulating thyroid parameters were evaluated. One hundred and forty-four patients with Graves' disease were treated with methimazole. Thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography (thyroid volume = pi abc/6, where a is length, b width, and c depth). Serum TSH, TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins, thyroid-stimulating antibodies, thyroglobulin, antimicrosomal antibodies, and antithyroglobulin antibodies were also measured. In the whole group of patients, thyroid volume correlated significantly with thyroglobulin (p less than 0.01) and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (p less than 0.01), but not with TSH, antimicrosomal antibodies, and antithyroglobulin antibodies. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between thyroglobulin and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (p less than 0.01). In 11 patients the mean thyroid volume decreased significantly after one year of therapy (p less than 0.01), associated with decreasing levels of serum TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins. Ten patients experienced transient hypothyroidism with an overdose of methimazole, and the mean thyroid volume increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with increasing serum TSH levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that TSH receptor antibodies may have a thyroid growth-stimulating effect. In addition, circulating thyroglobulin levels reflect thyroid volume in Graves' disease.