Arias-Barrau Elsa, Dirusso Concetta C, Black Paul N
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2009;580:233-49. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-325-1_13.
The process of fatty acid transport across the plasma membrane occurs by several mechanisms that involve distinct membrane-bound and membrane-associated proteins and enzymes. Among these are the fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) and long-chain acyl CoA synthetases (Acsl). Previous studies in yeast and adipocytes have shown FATP and Acsl form a physical complex at the plasma membrane and are required for fatty acid transport, which proceeds through a coupled process-linking transport with metabolic activation termed vectorial acylation. At present, six isoforms of FATP and five isoforms of ACSL have been identified in mice and man. In addition, there are a number of splice variants of different FATP and Acsl isoforms. The different FATP and Acsl isoforms have distinct tissue expression profiles and different cellular locations suggesting they function in the channeling of fatty acids into discrete metabolic pools. The concerted activity of these proteins is proposed to allow cells to discriminate different classes of fatty acids and provides the mechanistic basis underpinning the selectivity and specificity of the fatty acid transport process.
脂肪酸跨质膜的转运过程通过多种机制进行，这些机制涉及不同的膜结合蛋白和膜相关蛋白及酶。其中包括脂肪酸转运蛋白（FATP）和长链酰基辅酶A合成酶（Acsl）。先前在酵母和脂肪细胞中的研究表明，FATP和Acsl在质膜上形成物理复合物，是脂肪酸转运所必需的，脂肪酸转运通过一个将转运与代谢激活相联系的偶联过程进行，该过程称为向量酰化。目前，在小鼠和人类中已鉴定出六种FATP亚型和五种ACSL亚型。此外，不同的FATP和Acsl亚型还有许多剪接变体。不同的FATP和Acsl亚型具有不同的组织表达谱和不同的细胞定位，这表明它们在将脂肪酸导入离散的代谢池过程中发挥作用。这些蛋白质的协同活性被认为使细胞能够区分不同类别的脂肪酸，并为脂肪酸转运过程的选择性和特异性提供了机制基础。
