Erbayraktar Z
Department of Basic Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
J BUON. 2009 Sep;14 Suppl 1:S193-201.
Adoptive immunotherapy is determined as "the isolation of antigen-specific cells, their ex vivo expansion and activation, and subsequent autologous administration" and is a promising approach to inducing antitumour immune responses. Identification of tumour antigens and monitoring the persistence and transport of transferred cells has provided our understanding over the mechanisms of tumour immunotherapy. Cell-transfer therapies have seemed beneficial for the treatment of patients with selected metastatic cancers by providing a blueprint for the wider application of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy, and emphasize the requirement for in vivo persistence of the cells for therapeutic efficacy. The magnitude and specificity of immune responses to pathogenic organisms have let a search for ways to arm the immune system and aim it at a specific type of metastatic cancer. Knowledge of immune regulation and effector cell function have accumulated rapidly in the past decade resulting in incremental gains regarding the ability to manipulate host immunity and specifically target tumour cells for immune destruction. Besides, converging information from the fields of molecular biology and cellular immunology has inspired clinical trials using potent immunomodulators and molecularly defined immunogens. The clinical practice of immunotherapy for treating cancer is capitalizing on these advances, and recent efforts in ACT therapy provide an excellent example of this progress.
过继性免疫疗法被定义为“分离抗原特异性细胞，在体外进行扩增和激活，随后进行自体给药”，是诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的一种有前景的方法。肿瘤抗原的鉴定以及对转移细胞的持久性和转运的监测，增进了我们对肿瘤免疫治疗机制的理解。细胞转移疗法似乎对选定的转移性癌症患者的治疗有益，为过继性细胞转移（ACT）疗法的更广泛应用提供了蓝本，并强调细胞在体内的持久性对治疗效果的必要性。对致病生物体免疫反应的强度和特异性促使人们寻找增强免疫系统并使其针对特定类型转移性癌症的方法。在过去十年中，免疫调节和效应细胞功能方面的知识迅速积累，在操纵宿主免疫和特异性靶向肿瘤细胞进行免疫破坏的能力方面取得了渐进式进展。此外，分子生物学和细胞免疫学领域的信息汇聚激发了使用强效免疫调节剂和分子定义的免疫原的临床试验。癌症免疫治疗的临床实践正在利用这些进展，ACT疗法的最新成果就是这一进展的一个很好例子。
