McMahon Brian J, Dentinger Catherine M, Bruden Dana, Zanis Carolyn, Peters Helen, Hurlburt Debbie, Bulkow Lisa, Fiore Anthony E, Bell Beth P, Hennessy Thomas W
Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2009 Nov 1;200(9):1390-6. doi: 10.1086/606119.
The duration of protection in children and adults (including health care workers) resulting from the hepatitis B vaccine primary series is unknown.
To determine the protection afforded by hepatitis B vaccine, Alaska Native persons who had received plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine when they were >6 months of age were tested for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) 22 years later. Those with levels <10 mIU/mL received 1 dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and were evaluated on the basis of anti-HBs measurements at 10-14 days, 30-60 days, and 1 year.
Of 493 participants, 60% (298) had an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL. A booster dose was administered to 164 persons, and 77% responded with an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL at 10-14 days, reaching 81% by 60 days. Response to a booster dose was positively correlated with younger age, peak anti-HBs response after primary vaccination, and the presence of detectable anti-HBs before boosting. Considering persons with an anti-HBs level >or=10 mIU/mL at 22 years and those who responded to the booster dose, protection was demonstrated in 87% of the participants. No new acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infections were identified.
The protection afforded by primary immunization with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine during childhood and adulthood lasts at least 22 years. Booster doses are not needed.
乙肝疫苗基础免疫系列对儿童和成人（包括医护人员）的保护持续时间尚不清楚。
为确定乙肝疫苗提供的保护，对6个月龄以上时接种过血浆源性乙肝疫苗的阿拉斯加原住民在22年后检测乙肝表面抗原抗体（抗-HBs）。抗-HBs水平<10 mIU/mL者接种1剂重组乙肝疫苗，并在10 - 14天、30 - 60天和1年后根据抗-HBs测量结果进行评估。
493名参与者中，60%（298人）抗-HBs水平≥10 mIU/mL。164人接种了加强剂量，77%的人在10 - 14天时抗-HBs水平≥10 mIU/mL，到60天时达到81%。对加强剂量的反应与年龄较小、初次接种后抗-HBs峰值反应以及加强前可检测到抗-HBs呈正相关。考虑到22岁时抗-HBs水平≥10 mIU/mL的人和对加强剂量有反应的人，87%的参与者显示有保护作用。未发现新的急性或慢性乙肝病毒感染。
儿童期和成年期接种血浆源性乙肝疫苗进行基础免疫提供的保护至少持续22年。无需接种加强剂量。
