Sugiyama Tomoko, Murakami Taeko, Shibata Tomiko, Goshima Miho, Narita Naoki, Nakagaki Haruo, Nishimuta Mamoru
Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(3):335-43.
The present study aimed to determine whether there is excessive mean daily intake of phosphorus in 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children and to ascertain relationships between phosphorus intake and various food and beverage groups. Subjects comprised of 90 children, with 15 boys and 15 girls in each age group from 3 to 5 years. The duplicate-diet technique was used to ascertain total dietary intake, including snacks and beverages over a 24-h period on 3 separate days from summer 1999 to winter 2000. After wet ashing food samples, phosphorus was quantified by colourimetry using a spectrophotometer. Median and 25th-75th percentile daily phosphorus intake for 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children was 674 mg (534-890 mg), and phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of many food groups and was closely correlated with total daily intake of food and beverage (rs=0.64). In addition, phosphorus intake correlated with the intake of magnesium and calcium (rs>=0.6, p<0.001). When assessed based on dietary reference intakes for the US, maximum intake did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level in any of the young children, but phosphorus intake was not more than the estimated average requirement (EAR) in 4.4% of subjects, which exceeded the target of 2.5% for the US EAR. We concluded that there is a risk of insufficient phosphorous intake, rather than excessive intake, for 4.4% of 3- to 5-year-old Japanese children.
本研究旨在确定3至5岁日本儿童的每日磷平均摄入量是否过高，并确定磷摄入量与各类食品和饮料之间的关系。研究对象包括90名儿童，3至5岁的每个年龄组各有15名男孩和15名女孩。采用双份膳食技术确定1999年夏季至2000年冬季期间3个不同日子里24小时内的总膳食摄入量，包括零食和饮料。对食物样本进行湿灰化后，使用分光光度计通过比色法对磷进行定量。3至5岁日本儿童的每日磷摄入量中位数和第25至75百分位数为674毫克（534 - 890毫克），磷摄入量与许多食物组的摄入量相关，并且与食物和饮料的每日总摄入量密切相关（rs = 0.64）。此外，磷摄入量与镁和钙的摄入量相关（rs >= 0.6，p < 0.001）。根据美国的膳食参考摄入量进行评估时，任何幼儿的最大摄入量均未超过可耐受的最高摄入量水平，但4.4%的受试者的磷摄入量未超过估计平均需求量（EAR），这超过了美国EAR目标的2.5%。我们得出结论，对于4.4%的3至5岁日本儿童，存在磷摄入不足而非过量摄入的风险。
