Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-3252, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;26(1):61-8. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328332b835.
Radiologic imaging of the large intestine continues to evolve and expand the potential for noninvasive diagnosis. The aim of this review is to provide an update on current and emerging clinical capabilities for a variety of radiologic diagnostic imaging tools for evaluating the colon and rectum.
The utility of computed tomography for the evaluation of symptomatic inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the colon is well established, but the clinical role of computed tomography colonography is rapidly evolving. In addition to a number of diagnostic indications, computed tomography colonography is emerging as a potential frontline colorectal screening test for cancer prevention. MRI has become increasingly valuable for rectal cancer staging and inflammatory bowel disease but has yet to gain momentum for polyp evaluation. PET imaging has been primarily utilized for oncologic indications, but also holds considerable potential for inflammatory conditions. Other imaging modalities, such as the barium enema, conventional radiography, and ultrasound, play a much more limited role.
Advances in radiologic imaging of the colorectum will continue to expand the capabilities and clinical indications for noninvasive diagnosis, allowing for a greater emphasis on the complementary roles of tissue sampling and therapy with optical colonoscopy.
大肠的放射影像学不断发展和扩大了无创诊断的潜力。本综述的目的是提供各种用于评估结肠和直肠的放射诊断成像工具的当前和新兴临床能力的最新信息。
计算机断层扫描在评估结肠的症状性炎症和肿瘤性疾病方面的应用已得到充分证实，但计算机断层结肠成像的临床作用正在迅速发展。除了许多诊断适应症外，计算机断层结肠成像作为癌症预防的一线结直肠癌筛查试验也正在出现。MRI 对直肠癌分期和炎症性肠病越来越有价值，但在息肉评估方面尚未获得动力。PET 成像主要用于肿瘤学适应症，但对炎症性疾病也具有相当大的潜力。其他成像方式，如钡灌肠、常规 X 线摄影和超声，作用要有限得多。
结直肠放射影像学的进步将继续扩大无创诊断的能力和临床适应症，使光学结肠镜检查的组织取样和治疗的互补作用得到更大的重视。
