美国公民在国外的伤亡死亡：新数据源，旧旅行问题。

Injury deaths of US citizens abroad: new data source, old travel problem.

机构信息

Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.

出版信息

J Travel Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):304-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00318.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00318.x

PMID:19796099

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Global travel continues to increase, including among US citizens. The global burden of injuries and violence, accounting for approximately 5 million deaths worldwide in 2000, is also growing. Travelers often experience heightened risk for this biosocial disease burden. This study seeks to further describe and improve our understanding of the variable risk of travel-related injury and death.

METHODS

Information on US civilian citizen deaths from injury while abroad was obtained from the US Department of State Web site. This information was categorized into regional and causal groupings. The groupings were compared to each other and to injury deaths among citizens in their native countries.

RESULTS

From 2004 to 2006, there were 2,361 deaths of US citizens overseas due to injury. Of these US citizen injury deaths, 50.4% occurred in the Americas region. Almost 40% (37.8%) of US citizen injury deaths in the low- to middle-income Americas were due to vehicle crashes compared to about half that (18.9%) (proportional mortality ratio [PMR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59-1.62) for low- to middle-income Americas citizen injury deaths. Similar differences between US citizen injury death abroad and the in-country distributions were also found for vehicle crashes in Europe (35.9% vs 16.5%, PMR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.78-2.64; p < 0.0005), for drowning deaths in the Americas (13.1% vs 4.6%, PMR = 2.67, 95% CI 2.29-3.11) and many island nations (63.5% vs 3.5%, PMR = 11.38, 95% CI 8.17-15.84), and for homicides in the low- to middle-income European countries (16.9% vs 10.5%, PMR = 1.52, 95% CI .90-2.57).

CONCLUSIONS

US citizens should be aware of regional variation of injury deaths in foreign countries, especially for motor vehicle crashes, drowning, and violence. Improved knowledge of regional variations of injury death and risk for travelers can further inform travelers and the development of evidence-based prevention programs and policies. The State Department Web site is a new data source that furthers our understanding of this challenging travel-related health issue.

摘要

背景

随着全球化的发展，包括美国公民在内的国际旅行日益频繁。全球范围内，因伤害和暴力而导致的死亡人数也在不断增加，2000 年全球约有 500 万人因此死亡。旅行者面临着更高的风险。本研究旨在进一步描述和提高对旅行相关伤害和死亡的可变风险的认识。

方法

本研究通过访问美国国务院网站获取美国公民在国外因伤死亡的信息。这些信息被分为区域和病因类别。将这些类别相互比较，并与美国公民在本国的因伤死亡情况进行比较。

结果

2004 年至 2006 年期间，有 2361 名美国公民在海外因伤死亡。在这些美国公民的因伤死亡中，50.4%发生在美洲地区。在中低收入的美洲地区，近 40%（37.8%）的美国公民因伤死亡是由车辆碰撞造成的，而在中低收入的美洲地区，因伤死亡的公民中，有一半是由车辆碰撞造成的（18.9%）（比例死亡率[PMR] = 1.72，95%置信区间[CI] 1.59-1.62）。在欧洲，车辆碰撞导致的美国公民在国外的伤亡比例与国内分布也存在类似的差异（35.9%对 16.5%，PMR = 2.17，95% CI 1.78-2.64；p < 0.0005），在美洲溺水死亡（13.1%对 4.6%，PMR = 2.67，95% CI 2.29-3.11）和许多岛国（63.5%对 3.5%，PMR = 11.38，95% CI 8.17-15.84）也是如此，在中低收入的欧洲国家，凶杀案（16.9%对 10.5%，PMR = 1.52，95% CI.90-2.57）也是如此。