Anglum Abigail
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2009 Oct;21(10):529-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00441.x.
To educate advance practice nurses on the diagnosis, pharmacologic, and nonpharmacologic management of hypertension in children and adolescents.
Information was collected through a search of published literature and clinical practice guidelines.
Increasing rates of hypertension in children and adolescents are correlated to risk for coronary artery disease in adulthood. Nonpharmacologic management includes lifestyle modifications addressing weight reduction, physical activity, and dietary modification. Pharmacologic management is typically reserved for patients with severe hypertension or those who do not respond to lifestyle modifications. Early intervention is critical for preventing target-organ damage and complications of long-term hypertension.
Nurse practitioners must identify and address elevated blood pressure levels in children and adolescents. Many children and adolescents can successfully lower blood pressure readings through nonpharmacologic lifestyle changes. Education about lifestyle modification strategies should focus on family-based changes in order to increase likelihood of successful implementation.
对高级执业护士进行关于儿童和青少年高血压的诊断、药物治疗及非药物治疗方面的培训。
通过检索已发表的文献和临床实践指南收集信息。
儿童和青少年高血压发病率的上升与成年后患冠状动脉疾病的风险相关。非药物治疗包括针对减重、体育活动和饮食调整的生活方式改变。药物治疗通常适用于重度高血压患者或对生活方式改变无反应的患者。早期干预对于预防靶器官损害和长期高血压并发症至关重要。
执业护士必须识别并处理儿童和青少年的血压升高问题。许多儿童和青少年可通过非药物性的生活方式改变成功降低血压读数。关于生活方式改变策略的教育应侧重于基于家庭的改变，以提高成功实施的可能性。
