Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0251, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Jan;16(1):26-37. doi: 10.1017/S1355617709990804. Epub 2009 Oct 2.
Design Fluency (DF) is typically assumed to assess planning, cognitive flexibility, and fluency in generation of visual patterns, above and beyond contributions from motor speed (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001; Ruff, 1998). The present study examined these assumptions, as little construct validation research has been done in the past. Sixty one community-dwelling elderly participants were administered the DF, Trail Making, and Letter Fluency tests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), as well as electronically administered measures of motor planning and motor sequence fluency. Hierarchical regressions were used to parse out unique variance contributions to DF performance. The results showed that generation of novel designs (i.e., the first two trials on the D-KEFS DF) relied primarily on motor planning, the ability to generate novel motor actions, and, to a lesser extent, speed of drawing with a writing implement. In contrast, generation of unique designs while switching (i.e., the third trial on the D-KEFS DF) relied primarily on visual scanning and perhaps visual-attentional resources. These findings highlight the wisdom of interpreting the switching trial of the D-KEFS DF separately. Interestingly, cognitive flexibility did not contribute to performance on any of the three D-KEFS DF trials.
设计流畅性（DF）通常被认为可以评估规划、认知灵活性和生成视觉模式的流畅性，而不仅仅是运动速度的贡献（Delis、Kaplan 和 Kramer，2001；Ruff，1998）。本研究检验了这些假设，因为过去很少进行构念验证研究。61 名居住在社区的老年人接受了 Delis-Kaplan 执行功能系统（D-KEFS）中的 DF、连线和字母流畅性测试，以及电子管理的运动规划和运动序列流畅性测试。分层回归用于解析对 DF 表现的独特方差贡献。结果表明，新颖设计的生成（即 D-KEFS DF 的前两个测试）主要依赖于运动规划、生成新运动动作的能力，以及在较小程度上依赖于用书写工具绘图的速度。相比之下，切换时生成独特的设计（即在 D-KEFS DF 的第三个测试）主要依赖于视觉扫描，可能还依赖于视觉注意力资源。这些发现强调了分别解释 D-KEFS DF 的切换测试的智慧。有趣的是，认知灵活性对 D-KEFS DF 的三个测试中的任何一个都没有贡献。
