Zieliński Andrzej, Czarkowski Mirosław P
Zakład Epidemiologii, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego-Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2009;63(2):161-7.
The fact that incidence of infectious diseases in Poland is quite stable and, as compared with many noninfectious diseases relatively better, should not lead to underestimation of the problem. Despite in many diseases long term trends indicate decreasing incidence, in some important diseases increase of incidence was noted. Significant decrease was noted in incidence of some diseases for which vaccination program was modified. It concerns mumps, Hib infections, and to some extend also pertussis. Serious problem remains with accumulated through several years high prevalence of hepatitis B and C. Also low vaccine coverage of influenza is a measure of weakness of prevention against this disease, which is one of the most important causes of job and school absence and despite low mortality, is one of important caused of increased mortality in winter season. Next important epidemiological problem cause bacterial and viral foodborne infections, which despite some improvement place Poland below average of EU. Also relative stabilization of the incidence of tuberculosis does not look good if compared with leading countries of EU. With HIV infections particular concern is brought by the number of late diagnoses and drastic decline of data on the probable risk factor of infection. Infectious diseases mortality in 2007 was 6.6/100,000 (3.5 in Podlaskie Voivodeship and 9.3 in Slaskie) and it was higher in cities (7.1) then in rural areas. As in previous years i man mortality (8.6) was higher then in women (4.9). Highest mortality from infectious diseases was noted among elderly people above 74 (30.6).
波兰传染病发病率相当稳定,与许多非传染病相比相对较好,但这一事实不应导致对该问题的低估。尽管许多疾病的长期趋势显示发病率在下降,但在一些重要疾病中却注意到发病率有所上升。对于一些修改了疫苗接种计划的疾病,其发病率显著下降。这涉及腮腺炎、B型流感嗜血杆菌感染,在一定程度上还包括百日咳。乙型和丙型肝炎多年来积累的高患病率仍然是一个严重问题。此外,流感疫苗接种率低也表明针对这种疾病的预防措施存在薄弱环节,流感是导致缺勤和缺课的最重要原因之一,尽管死亡率较低,但却是冬季死亡率上升的重要原因之一。下一个重要的流行病学问题是细菌性和病毒性食源性感染,尽管有所改善,但波兰仍低于欧盟平均水平。与欧盟主要国家相比,结核病发病率的相对稳定情况也不容乐观。对于艾滋病毒感染,晚期诊断的数量以及感染可能危险因素数据的急剧下降尤其令人担忧。2007年传染病死亡率为6.6/10万(波德拉谢省为3.5,西里西亚省为9.3),城市地区(7.1)高于农村地区。与往年一样,男性死亡率(8.6)高于女性(4.9)。74岁以上老年人的传染病死亡率最高(30.6)。