Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos, Mariam Damen Haile
Public health Department, Mekelle University, Gent, East Flanders, 9000 Belgium.
J Public Health Policy. 2009 Sep;30(3):269-79. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2009.22.
Ethiopia has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Single-point estimates show adult HIV prevalence of 2.1 per cent for 2007. The 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2005) had indicated a national-level adult prevalence rate of 1.4 per cent among adults aged between 15 and 49 years (6 and 0.7 per cent in urban and rural residents, respectively). The rate in the capital, Addis Ababa, was 5 per cent. We conducted an ethnographic study to explore the possible role of men having sex with men (MSM) in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To collect data, we used four focus group discussions with MSM, six key informant interviews, and extended observations at different places in Addis Ababa. These data were analyzed using open code software and a 'grounded theory' approach. We found that contextual factors, such as sociocultural background and politicolegal situation, predisposed to HIV/AIDS-related risk behavior among members of the study subgroup. The infection might have been transmitted between the study population and heterosexual people in the community by many possible routes. The study showed that men have sex with men among a segment of Addis' population. The portion of the population involved is non-negligible. They are exposed to HIV/AIDS risks. It is, therefore, high time that the issue be openly discussed in the context of current efforts to control the HIV pandemic.
埃塞俄比亚的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染率很高。单点估计显示，2007年成年人艾滋病毒感染率为2.1%。2005年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（2005年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查）表明，在15至49岁的成年人中，全国成年人感染率为1.4%（城市和农村居民分别为6%和0.7%）。首都亚的斯亚贝巴的感染率为5%。我们开展了一项人种学研究，以探讨男男性行为者在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴市艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病学中可能发挥的作用。为了收集数据，我们与男男性行为者进行了四次焦点小组讨论、六次关键 informant 访谈，并在亚的斯亚贝巴的不同地点进行了扩展观察。这些数据使用开放代码软件和“扎根理论”方法进行了分析。我们发现，社会文化背景和政治法律状况等背景因素使研究亚组的成员易发生与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的危险行为。感染可能通过许多可能的途径在研究人群和社区中的异性恋者之间传播。研究表明，亚的斯亚贝巴一部分人口中存在男男性行为。涉及的人口比例不可忽视。他们面临艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险。因此，在当前控制艾滋病毒大流行的努力背景下，是时候公开讨论这个问题了。
