McFarlane Alexander C, Williamson Penny, Barton Christopher A
Centre for Military and Veterans' Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
J Public Health Policy. 2009 Sep;30(3):311-27. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2009.21.
We use the literature reporting prevalence and aetiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in first responders as a catalyst to discuss for organisations the policy implications for prevention and intervention of psychiatric morbidity. We searched PubMed and Google to identify studies and reports of mental health and behavioural problems in occupations including police, fire, and emergency service workers. The prevalence of PTSD ranged from 6 per cent to 32 per cent. Biological markers of PTSD, such as neuroendocrine activity, appear less useful than psychological markers, such as levels of hostility and self-efficacy, to predict PTSD. Prevalence of PTSD was generally less than that found among victims themselves, but higher than general community prevalence. Theoretically, if prevention and intervention strategies were working effectively, there should be a minimal rate of psychiatric morbidity attributable to these individuals' workplaces. Against this background, there is a case for routine screening on an annual basis for those at risk.
我们以文献报道的急救人员创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患病率及病因作为契机，与各组织探讨预防和干预精神疾病的政策含义。我们检索了PubMed和谷歌，以确定警察、消防员和急救服务人员等职业中心理健康和行为问题的研究及报告。PTSD的患病率在6%至32%之间。PTSD的生物标志物，如神经内分泌活动，在预测PTSD方面似乎不如心理标志物有用，如敌意水平和自我效能感。PTSD的患病率总体上低于受害者自身的患病率，但高于一般社区的患病率。从理论上讲，如果预防和干预策略有效，那么因这些人的工作场所导致的精神疾病发病率应降至最低。在此背景下，有理由对高危人群进行年度常规筛查。
