Kerman M, Mulvihill M
Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Mt Sinai J Med. 1990 Nov;57(6):343-7.
This case-control study examines the relationship between falls and drug use in elderly residents of a long-term care facility. The drug use and functional status of 57 first-time fallers were compared retrospectively with those of 90 residents who had never fallen. Fallers were taking significantly more drugs than controls. Hypnotic/anxiolytics and cardiac drugs carried a twofold increase in the risk of falling. Fallers were restrained less often, were more often ambulatory, and had been at the institution for a shorter time than controls. Previous studies have failed to use control groups or have selected controls by length of stay, possibly introducing bias into the results. A large prospective study is needed to determine whether these results are generalizable to the elderly institutionalized population as a whole.
这项病例对照研究调查了长期护理机构中老年居民跌倒与药物使用之间的关系。回顾性比较了57名首次跌倒者与90名从未跌倒者的药物使用情况和功能状态。跌倒者服用的药物明显多于对照组。催眠药/抗焦虑药和心脏药物使跌倒风险增加了两倍。与对照组相比，跌倒者使用约束措施的频率较低，更常能行走，且在机构中的停留时间较短。以往的研究未使用对照组，或按住院时间选择对照组，这可能会使结果产生偏差。需要进行一项大型前瞻性研究，以确定这些结果是否适用于整个老年机构化人群。
