Walder Andrew G, Hu Songhua
Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
AJS. 2009 Mar;114(5):1395-427. doi: 10.1086/595949.
Do regime change and market reform disrupt patterns of intergenerational mobility? China's political trajectory is distinctive from that of other communist regimes in two ways. During its first three decades, the regime enforced unusually restrictive barriers to elite status inheritance. And during the subsequent market transition, unlike most of its counterparts, the Communist Party survived intact. Data from a multigeneration survey suggest that despite their obvious exclusion from the party and related administrative careers in the Mao era, certain prerevolution elites transmitted one type of elite status to their offspring to a surprising degree. Party elites, in contrast, were hit hard by radical Maoism but recovered quickly afterward, and their offspring inherited elite status at much higher rates.
政权更迭和市场改革会扰乱代际流动模式吗？中国的政治轨迹在两个方面有别于其他共产主义政权。在最初的三十年里，该政权对精英地位继承实施了异常严格的限制。而在随后的市场转型时期，与大多数其他政权不同的是，共产党完好无损地存续下来。一项多代调查的数据表明，尽管在毛泽东时代他们明显被排除在党内及相关行政职业之外，但某些革命前的精英仍将一种精英地位以惊人的程度传给了他们的后代。相比之下，党的精英受到激进毛泽东主义的沉重打击，但随后迅速恢复，他们的后代继承精英地位的比例要高得多。
