Kasprowicz Anna, Michalak Michał, Wierzchowiecka Magdalena, Maruniewicz Michalina, Wojtaszek Przemysław
Zakład Biologii Molekularnej i Komórkowej, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań.
Postepy Biochem. 2009;55(2):181-6.
Endocytosis is the way of uptaking and transporting substances from the immediate surroundings, as well as the way of removal and/or recycling of the plasma membrane components. For many years, it was thought that this process was not operating in plant cells in which high turgor pressure of the protoplast prevented invagination of the plasma membrane. Recent years, however, brought the evidence for intensive endocytosis in plants. So far, four types of endocytosis, among 5 known, have been identified in plants. Use of protein markers of different compartments of the endomembrane system, specific dyes, and the cytoskeleton inhibitors, made possible demonstration that, as opposed to animal and fungal systems, endocytosis in plant cells was dependent on actin and plant-specific myosins of VIII and XI classes. Although cell divisions in plants and animals differ considerably, they both are dependent on the proper endocytosis. It has been shown that during cytokinesis secretion and endocytosis act in concert, delivering polysaccharides directionally to the growing cell plate. What is more important, new cell walls are built from e.g. pectins transported by endocytosis from existing cell walls.
内吞作用是从紧邻的周围环境摄取和运输物质的方式，也是质膜成分去除和/或循环利用的方式。多年来，人们一直认为这个过程在植物细胞中并不存在，因为原生质体的高膨压会阻止质膜内陷。然而，近年来有证据表明植物中存在活跃的内吞作用。到目前为止，在植物中已鉴定出已知的5种内吞作用类型中的4种。利用内膜系统不同区室的蛋白质标记物、特异性染料和细胞骨架抑制剂，得以证明与动物和真菌系统不同，植物细胞中的内吞作用依赖于肌动蛋白以及VIII类和XI类植物特异性肌球蛋白。尽管植物和动物的细胞分裂有很大差异，但它们都依赖于适当的内吞作用。已经表明，在胞质分裂期间，分泌和内吞作用协同发挥作用，将多糖定向输送到正在生长的细胞板。更重要的是，新的细胞壁是由例如通过内吞作用从现有细胞壁运输而来的果胶构建而成的。
