Snyderman Danielle, Rovner Barry
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107 , USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2009 Oct 15;80(8):809-14.
The mental status examination is an essential tool that aids physicians in making psychiatric diagnoses. Familiarity with the components of the examination can help physicians evaluate for and differentiate psychiatric disorders. The mental status examination includes historic report from the patient and observational data gathered by the physician throughout the patient encounter. Major challenges include incorporating key components of the mental status examination into a routine office visit and determining when a more detailed examination or referral is necessary. A mental status examination may be beneficial when the physician senses that something is "not quite right" with a patient. In such situations, specific questions and methods to assess the patient's appearance and general behavior, motor activity, speech, mood and affect, thought process, thought content, perceptual disturbances, sensorium and cognition, insight, and judgment serve to identify features of various psychiatric illnesses. The mental status examination can help distinguish between mood disorders, thought disorders, and cognitive impairment, and it can guide appropriate diagnostic testing and referral to a psychiatrist or other mental health professional.
精神状态检查是帮助医生进行精神疾病诊断的重要工具。熟悉检查的各个组成部分有助于医生评估和鉴别精神疾病。精神状态检查包括患者的病史报告以及医生在与患者接触过程中收集的观察数据。主要挑战包括将精神状态检查的关键组成部分纳入常规门诊，并确定何时需要进行更详细的检查或转诊。当医生感觉患者“有些不对劲”时，精神状态检查可能会有所帮助。在这种情况下，评估患者外貌和一般行为、运动活动、言语、情绪和情感、思维过程、思维内容、感知障碍、意识和认知、洞察力及判断力的特定问题和方法有助于识别各种精神疾病的特征。精神状态检查有助于区分情绪障碍、思维障碍和认知障碍，并可指导进行适当的诊断测试以及转诊至精神科医生或其他心理健康专业人员。
