Movement Biomechanics and Motor Control, TBM Lab, Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Golgi 39, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Gait Posture. 2010 Jan;31(1):100-3. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.09.006.
The mechanical effect of hamstrings and quadriceps contractions on hip and knee joint motion was investigated using a dynamic model of the musculoskeletal system. The model consisted of 13 anatomically linked segments. The geometry of bones, joints, and muscle attachments was derived from magnetic resonance imaging of a healthy adult. The knee joint was represented by a crossing bars linkage to simulate cruciate ligament function, and muscles were represented by spring actuators. The effects of hamstring and quadriceps contractions, in various combinations, were tested on different configurations of hip and knee joint position in the absence of gravity. In the standing posture, with the foot free to move and the pelvis fixed in space, the effect of semimembranosus (SM) contraction was hip and knee flexion. If the foot was fixed to the ground, SM contraction produced hip extension and knee flexion. The addition of quadriceps contraction reduced or abolished the knee flexion and enhanced hip extension. In all other simulations, SM alone produced knee flexion and hip extension and the combination of SM with vastus (VA) and rectus femoris (RF) contractions resulted in knee extension and enhanced hip extension. Our findings suggest that co-contraction of quadriceps and hamstrings may be a strategy to increase the hip extension function of the hamstrings.
本研究使用肌肉骨骼系统动力学模型来探究腘绳肌和股四头肌收缩对髋关节和膝关节运动的力学影响。该模型由 13 个解剖学上相连的节段组成。骨骼、关节和肌肉附着点的几何形状源自对健康成年人的磁共振成像。膝关节通过交叉杆连杆来模拟十字韧带的功能，肌肉通过弹簧致动器来表示。在无重力的情况下，针对髋关节和膝关节位置的不同组合，测试了不同组合的腘绳肌和股四头肌收缩的效果。在站立姿势下，当脚可以自由移动且骨盆固定在空间中时，半膜肌（SM）收缩会导致髋关节和膝关节弯曲。如果脚固定在地面上，SM 收缩会导致髋关节伸展和膝关节弯曲。股四头肌收缩的加入会减少或消除膝关节弯曲，并增强髋关节伸展。在所有其他模拟中，SM 单独会导致膝关节弯曲和髋关节伸展，而 SM 与股外侧肌（VA）和股直肌（RF）收缩的组合会导致膝关节伸展和增强髋关节伸展。我们的研究结果表明，股四头肌和腘绳肌的共同收缩可能是一种增强腘绳肌髋关节伸展功能的策略。
