Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Jan 10;626(1):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.019. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
Many studies have observed relevant executive alterations in polysubstance users but no data have been generated in terms of prevalence of these alterations. Studies of the prevalence of neuropsychological impairment can be useful in the design and implementations of interventional programs for substance abusers. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of neuropsychological impairment in different components of executive functions in polysubstance users enrolled in therapeutic communities. Moreover, we estimated the effect size of the differences in the executive performance between polysubstance users and non substance users in order to know which neuropsychological tasks can be useful to detect alterations in the executive functions. Study results showed a high prevalence of executive function impairment in polysubstance users. Working memory was the component with the highest impairment proportion, followed by fluency, shifting, planning, multi-tasking and interference. Comparisons between user groups showed very similar executive impairment prevalence for all the analyzed executive components. The best discriminating task between users and controls was Arithmetic (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS-III). Moreover FAS and Ruff Figural Fluency Test was discriminating for fluency, Category Test for shifting, Stroop Colour-Word Interference Test for interference, Zoo Map (Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome, BADS) for planning and Six Elements (BADS) for multi-tasking. The existence of significant prevalence of executive impairment in polysubstance users reveals the need to redirect the actuation policies in the field of drug-dependency towards the creation of treatments addressed at the executive deficits of the participants, which in turn would facilitate the individuals' compliance and final rehabilitation.
许多研究观察到了多药物使用者的相关执行功能改变，但尚未针对这些改变的患病率生成数据。对神经心理损伤患病率的研究对于制定和实施针对物质滥用者的干预计划可能是有用的。本研究旨在估计参加治疗社区的多药物使用者在执行功能的不同成分中出现神经心理损伤的患病率。此外，我们还估计了执行表现方面的差异在多药物使用者和非药物使用者之间的效应量，以便了解哪些神经心理任务可用于检测执行功能的改变。研究结果表明，多药物使用者的执行功能损伤患病率很高。工作记忆是损伤比例最高的成分，其次是流畅性、转换、计划、多任务处理和干扰。用户组之间的比较显示，所有分析的执行成分的执行损伤患病率非常相似。算术（韦氏成人智力量表，WAIS-III）是区分使用者和对照组的最佳区分任务。此外，FAS 和 Ruff 图形流畅性测试可用于区分流畅性，类别测试用于转换，Stroop 颜色-词干扰测试用于干扰，动物园地图（行为执行障碍综合征评估，BADS）用于计划，以及六个元素（BADS）用于多任务处理。多药物使用者中存在显著的执行损伤患病率，这表明需要将药物依赖领域的实施政策转向针对参与者执行缺陷的治疗方法，这反过来将促进个人的依从性和最终康复。
