Snyder A W, Mitchell D J, Chen Y
Opt Lett. 1994 Apr 15;19(8):524-6. doi: 10.1364/ol.19.000524.
Spatial solitons of Maxwell's equations propagating in an isotropic Kerr material differ significantly from the classical soliton of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation unless the electric field is linearly polarized along a geometric axis of the soliton intensity pattern. In general the polarization state changes continuously as the beam propagates, with a period of millimeters for highly nonlinear materials. This effect is due to the form birefringence of the soliton-induced waveguide. Equivalently, a soliton of Maxwell's equations is composed of both the TE and TM modes of the axially uniform waveguide it induces. Modal beating leads to the polarization dynamics.
在各向同性克尔材料中传播的麦克斯韦方程组的空间孤子，与非线性薛定谔方程的经典孤子有显著不同，除非电场沿孤子强度模式的几何轴呈线性极化。一般来说，随着光束传播，偏振态会持续变化，对于高度非线性材料，其周期为毫米量级。这种效应是由孤子诱导波导的形式双折射引起的。等效地，麦克斯韦方程组的一个孤子由它所诱导的轴向均匀波导的TE模和TM模组成。模式拍频导致偏振动力学。
