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即时真理——认知问题与其解决方案之间的时间连续性决定了该解决方案的经验准确性。

Immediate truth--temporal contiguity between a cognitive problem and its solution determines experienced veracity of the solution.

作者信息

Topolinski Sascha, Reber Rolf

机构信息

Department of Psychology II, Social Psychology, University of Wuerzburg, Roentgenring 10, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.

出版信息

Cognition. 2010 Jan;114(1):117-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.009. Epub 2009 Oct 20.

Abstract

A temporal contiguity hypothesis for the experience of veracity is tested which states that a solution candidate to a cognitive problem is more likely to be experienced as correct the faster it succeeds the problem. Experiment 1 varied the onset time of the appearance of proposed solutions to anagrams (50 ms vs. 150 ms) and found for both correct and incorrect candidates that faster appearing solutions were more frequently judged as being correct, although participants were not aware of the difference in onset delay. Experiment 2 replicated this effect with mathematical equations, shorter onset latencies (0 ms vs. 50 ms), and a reversed sequence (presenting first the solution and then the problem). Experiment 3 showed that the probability of judging a word as the solution of a remote associate insight problem decreases linearly with increasing onset delay (50 ms, 150 ms, 300 ms). Possible neurobiological-cognitive explanations for this effect are proposed.

摘要

针对真实性体验的时间连续性假设进行了测试,该假设指出,认知问题的解决方案候选越快成功解决问题,就越有可能被体验为正确。实验1改变了字谜解决方案出现的起始时间(50毫秒对150毫秒),发现对于正确和错误的候选方案,出现速度更快的解决方案更频繁地被判断为正确,尽管参与者并未意识到起始延迟的差异。实验2用数学方程式、更短的起始潜伏期(0毫秒对50毫秒)和相反的顺序(先呈现解决方案然后呈现问题)重复了这一效应。实验3表明,将一个单词判断为远距离联想顿悟问题解决方案的概率随着起始延迟的增加(50毫秒、150毫秒、300毫秒)呈线性下降。针对这一效应提出了可能的神经生物学 - 认知解释。

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