School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Dec 20;408(2):324-39. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.021. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
Generic Assessment Criteria (GAC) are derived using widely applicable assumptions about the characteristics and behaviour of contaminant sources, pathways and receptors. GAC provide nationally consistent guidance, thereby saving money and time. Currently, there are no human health based Generic Assessment Criteria (GAC) for contaminated sites in China. Protection of human health is therefore difficult to ensure and demonstrate; and the lack of GAC makes it difficult to tell if there is potential significant risk to human health unless site-specific criteria are derived. This paper derived Chinese GAC (GAC) for five inorganic and eight organic substances for three regions in China for three land uses: urban residential without plant uptake, Chinese cultivated land, and commercial/industrial using the SNIFFER model. The SNIFFER model has been further implemented with a dermal absorption algorithm and the model default input values have been changed to reflect the Chinese exposure scenarios. It is envisaged that the modified SNIFFER model could be used to derive GAC for more contaminants, more Regions, and more land uses. Further research to enhance the reliability and acceptability of the GAC is needed in regional/national surveys in diet and working patterns.
通用评估标准 (GAC) 是基于对污染物来源、途径和受体特征和行为的广泛适用假设推导出来的。GAC 提供了全国一致的指导，从而节省了资金和时间。目前，中国还没有针对污染场地的基于人类健康的通用评估标准 (GAC)。因此，难以确保和证明人类健康得到保护；而且，如果没有 GAC，就很难判断是否存在对人类健康的潜在重大风险，除非推导了特定于地点的标准。本文使用 SNIFFER 模型，为中国三个地区的三种土地用途（无植物吸收的城市住宅、中国耕地和商业/工业）推导了五种无机物质和八种有机物质的中国通用评估标准 (GAC)。SNIFFER 模型进一步实施了皮肤吸收算法，并更改了模型默认输入值以反映中国的暴露情景。预计经过修改的 SNIFFER 模型可用于推导更多污染物、更多地区和更多土地用途的 GAC。需要在区域性/全国性的饮食和工作模式调查中进一步研究，以提高 GAC 的可靠性和可接受性。
