Colorectal Fellow, Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
Future Oncol. 2009 Oct;5(8):1295-306. doi: 10.2217/fon.09.100.
Preoperative staging is now an essential factor in the multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer because tumor stage is the strongest predictive factor for recurrence. Preoperative staging of rectal cancer can be divided into either local or distant staging. Local staging incorporates the assessment of mural wall invasion, circumferential resection margin involvement, as well as the nodal status for metastasis. Distant staging assesses for evidence of metastatic disease. The aim of this review is to consider the indications and limitations of the current preoperative imaging modalities for rectal cancer staging including clinical examination, endorectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and positron emission tomography-computed tomography, with respect to local and distant disease.
术前分期现已成为直肠癌多学科综合治疗中不可或缺的因素，因为肿瘤分期是复发的最强预测因素。直肠癌术前分期可分为局部分期或远处分期。局部分期包括评估壁层侵犯、环周切缘受累以及淋巴结转移情况。远处分期评估是否存在转移疾病。本文旨在讨论目前用于直肠癌分期的术前影像学检查方法的适应证和局限性，包括临床检查、直肠腔内超声、磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描和正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描，涉及局部和远处疾病。
