Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (152), Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2009 Nov;11(6):462-9. doi: 10.1007/s11883-009-0069-8.
Basic, clinical, and epidemiologic research on carbohydrate-restricted dietary patterns continues to grow, evaluating the impact of this way of eating on weight loss, obesity-associated comorbidities, and development of any adverse effects. Randomized, controlled, dietary weight loss trials conducted in adults in the past 2 years reinforce previous findings that carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) promote weight loss while increasing serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lowering serum triglycerides, and improving glucose homeostasis. Studies showing that reduction of dietary carbohydrate leads to reduced postprandial serum glucose and insulin levels have spurred further research on CRDs in patients with type 2 diabetes. Emerging interest into the effect of diet on endothelial function has spawned studies that are harnessing new technologies, such as flow-mediated vascular dilation, to gain insight into the impact of diet on long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes. Studies on the effect of a CRD on appetite, health-related quality of life, bone density and turnover, acid-base metabolism, and potassium equilibrium help clinicians better weigh the perceived risks of the diet with the recognized benefits. This review synthesizes important clinical and physiologic studies on CRDs published between January 2007 and May 2009.
关于低碳水化合物饮食模式的基础、临床和流行病学研究不断发展，评估这种饮食方式对减肥、肥胖相关合并症以及任何不良反应的发展的影响。过去 2 年中在成年人中进行的随机、对照、饮食减肥试验加强了以前的发现，即低碳水化合物饮食（CRD）可促进体重减轻，同时增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，降低血清甘油三酯，并改善葡萄糖稳态。研究表明，减少饮食中的碳水化合物可降低餐后血清葡萄糖和胰岛素水平，这促使人们进一步研究 2 型糖尿病患者的 CRD。对饮食对血管内皮功能影响的新兴兴趣催生了一些研究，这些研究利用了新的技术，如血流介导的血管扩张，来深入了解饮食对长期心血管疾病结局的影响。关于 CRD 对食欲、健康相关生活质量、骨密度和周转率、酸碱代谢以及钾平衡的影响的研究，帮助临床医生更好地权衡饮食的潜在风险与公认的益处。这篇综述综合了 2007 年 1 月至 2009 年 5 月期间发表的关于 CRD 的重要临床和生理学研究。
