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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: understanding virulence and commensal behavior.不可分型流感嗜血杆菌：了解其毒力与共生行为
Trends Microbiol. 2007 Aug;15(8):355-62. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 27.
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Community-wide vaccination with the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate significantly alters the microbiology of acute otitis media.七价肺炎球菌结合疫苗的社区范围接种显著改变了急性中耳炎的微生物学状况。
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004 Sep;23(9):829-33. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000136868.91756.80.
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Changes in frequency and pathogens causing acute otitis media in 1995-2003.1995 - 2003年急性中耳炎的发病频率及致病病原体变化
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The lipo-oligosaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae: an interesting array of characters.流感嗜血杆菌的脂寡糖：一系列有趣的特征。
J Endotoxin Res. 2003;9(3):131-44. doi: 10.1179/096805103125001531.
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Acylation of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae and colonization: an htrB mutation diminishes the colonization of human airway epithelial cells.流感嗜血杆菌脂寡糖的酰化作用与定植：htrB突变减少了其在人气道上皮细胞中的定植。
Infect Immun. 2002 Aug;70(8):4661-8. doi: 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4661-4668.2002.
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Binding of the non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide to the PAF receptor initiates host cell signalling.不可分型流感嗜血杆菌脂寡糖与血小板活化因子受体的结合启动宿主细胞信号传导。
Cell Microbiol. 2001 Aug;3(8):525-36. doi: 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2001.00132.x.
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Clinical course, complications and sequelae of acute otitis media.急性中耳炎的临床病程、并发症及后遗症
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 May;19(5 Suppl):S37-46. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200005001-00007.
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Effects of inflammatory mediators on middle ear pathology and on inner ear function.炎症介质对中耳病理及内耳功能的影响。
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Dec 29;830:130-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51885.x.
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Evaluation of the virulence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide htrB and rfaD mutants in the chinchilla model of otitis media.在中耳炎的栗鼠模型中评估不可分型流感嗜血杆菌脂寡糖htrB和rfaD突变体的毒力。
Infect Immun. 1997 Nov;65(11):4431-5. doi: 10.1128/iai.65.11.4431-4435.1997.
10
Identification of the ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose-6-epimerase (rfaD) and heptosyltransferase II (rfaF) biosynthesis genes from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 2019.从不可分型流感嗜血杆菌2019株中鉴定ADP-L-甘油-D-甘露庚糖-6-表异构酶（rfaD）和庚糖基转移酶II（rfaF）生物合成基因。
Infect Immun. 1997 Apr;65(4):1377-86. doi: 10.1128/iai.65.4.1377-1386.1997.

流感嗜血杆菌脂寡糖突变对中耳和内耳的影响。

Effect of lipooligosaccharide mutations of Haemophilus influenzae on the middle and inner ears.

作者信息

Schachern Patricia A, Tsuprun Vladimir, Wang Beinan, Apicella Michael A, Cureoglu Sebahattin, Paparella Michael M, Juhn Steven K

机构信息

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.

出版信息

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Dec;73(12):1757-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.09.034. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.09.034
PMID:19853312
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2796450/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 2019 (NTHi 2019) and its two lipooligosaccharide (LOS) mutant strains, B29 (gene htrB) and DK1 (gene rfaD), and compare their effect on the middle ear, round window membrane, and inner ear.

RESULTS

Fifteen chinchillas were divided into three equal groups and their bullas inoculated bilaterally with 0.5 ml of 10(2)CFU/ml of parent NTHi 2019, B29 or DK1 mutant strains. Two days after inoculation all animals had otitis media and inflamed middle ear mucosa. There was a trend of greater thickness and infiltration of the round window membrane in animals inoculated with the wild-type NTHi strain compared to the mutant strains and a significant increase in both inflammatory cell infiltration and bacteria presence in the scala tympani area of the inner ear. Strial edema was only observed in the wild-type-inoculated group.

CONCLUSIONS

LOS mutants of NTHi appear to have a reduced ability to pass through the round window membrane resulting in less inner ear inflammation and pathological changes.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在确定2019年不可分型流感嗜血杆菌（NTHi 2019）及其两种脂寡糖（LOS）突变株B29（基因htrB）和DK1（基因rfaD）的毒力，并比较它们对中耳、圆窗膜和内耳的影响。

结果

将15只龙猫分成三组，每组数量相等，通过双侧鼓泡接种0.5毫升浓度为10(2)CFU/毫升的亲本NTHi 2019、B29或DK1突变株。接种两天后，所有动物均患中耳炎且中耳黏膜发炎。与突变株相比，接种野生型NTHi菌株的动物的圆窗膜有更厚和浸润更明显的趋势，且内耳鼓阶区域的炎性细胞浸润和细菌存在均显著增加。仅在接种野生型的组中观察到血管纹水肿。

结论

NTHi的LOS突变株穿过圆窗膜的能力似乎降低，导致内耳炎症和病理变化减少。