Peloso Paolo Francesco, Dening Tom
Mental Health Department, Genoa, Italy.
Hist Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;20(78 Pt 2):215-25. doi: 10.1177/0957154X08094237.
Capital punishment was the source of lively debate in Italy, from unification in 1861 until 1888. The precedent for abolishing the death penalty had been set in Tuscany in 1786. This paper presents the arguments put forward by two eminent psychiatrists who opposed the death penalty, Carlo Livi and Andrea Verga. Livi set out his scientific case for abolition in two addresses given to the Accademia dei Fisiocritici in Siena in 1862. In 1889 Verga wrote a commentary on the Senate sitting and argued in favour of approving the Italian Penal Code. Verga agreed with Livi's arguments and disagreed with the School of Criminal Anthropology, led by Cesare Lombroso and Raffaele Garofalo, who were both in favour of capital punishment.
从1861年意大利统一到1888年，死刑一直是意大利激烈辩论的话题。1786年托斯卡纳就开创了废除死刑的先例。本文介绍了两位反对死刑的著名精神病学家卡洛·利维（Carlo Livi）和安德烈亚·韦尔加（Andrea Verga）提出的论点。1862年，利维在锡耶纳的物理医学研究院发表了两次演讲，阐述了废除死刑的科学依据。1889年，韦尔加撰写了一篇关于参议院会议的评论文章，并主张批准意大利刑法典。韦尔加同意利维的观点，不同意由切萨雷·龙勃罗梭（Cesare Lombroso）和拉斐尔·加罗法洛（Raffaele Garofalo）领导的刑事人类学派的观点，他们两人都支持死刑。
