Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Nov;35(6):1552-6. doi: 10.1037/a0017012.
Previous research has shown that time to name single-digit Arabic numbers is about 15 ms slower when naming trials are interleaved with simple multiplication (e.g., state product of 2 x 3) than when naming digits is interleaved with magnitude comparison (e.g., state larger; 2 upward arrow 3). To explain this phenomenon, J. I. D. Campbell and A. W. S. Metcalfe (2008) proposed that the comparison context enables both semantic and asemantic pathways for digit naming but that number-fact retrieval inhibits the semantic route and slows digit naming relative to the comparison context. To test this hypothesis, the authors modified the naming context paradigm by introducing a semantic priming manipulation. They replicated the digit-naming response time advantage for comparison relative to the multiplication context and observed semantic priming only in the comparison context. In comparison blocks, digit naming was 8 ms faster immediately after naming near digit primes (+/-1) compared to far primes (>or=3), but in multiplication blocks there was no priming. The results reinforce the theory that number-fact retrieval can inhibit the semantic route for digit naming (L. Cohen & S. Dehaene, 1995) and thereby reconfigure the cognitive architecture for naming digits.
先前的研究表明，在命名单个数位阿拉伯数字时，如果命名试验与简单乘法（例如，说出 2x3 的结果）交错进行，那么命名时间会比与大小比较（例如，说出较大的数字；2 向上箭头 3）交错进行时慢约 15 毫秒。为了解释这一现象，J. I. D. 坎贝尔和 A. W. S. 梅特卡夫（2008）提出，比较语境既可以为数字命名提供语义和非语义途径，也可以为数字命名提供语义和非语义途径，但数字事实检索会抑制语义途径，从而使数字命名相对于比较语境变慢。为了验证这一假设，作者通过引入语义启动操作修改了命名语境范式。他们复制了数字命名相对于乘法语境的反应时优势，并仅在比较语境中观察到语义启动。在比较块中，与远位启动（>=3）相比，命名近位启动（+/-1）后，数字命名速度快 8 毫秒，但在乘法块中没有启动。结果强化了这样一种理论，即数字事实检索可以抑制数字命名的语义途径（L. 科恩和 S. 德哈恩，1995），从而重新配置命名数字的认知架构。
