Parver Alan K, Mutinsky Sarah E
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme. 2009;12:53-70. doi: 10.1159/000235668. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
Enteral nutrition (EN) is generally defined by third party payers as tube feeding for patients who cannot take food orally. EN is widely accepted in the United States as an effective, often life-sustaining therapy. Coverage and payment policies for EN differ among payers and settings. These differences often may depend on whether EN is reimbursed as a discrete therapy or subsumed into a larger benefit. In the US, the Medicare and Medicaid programs are the major public payers for EN. EN may be susceptible to overuse, especially in the long-term care setting. The trends in coverage and payment for EN suggest tighter reimbursement; competitive bidding between suppliers and data-driven performance measurement and payments may be in the future for EN reimbursement.
肠内营养（EN）通常被第三方支付方定义为针对无法经口进食患者的管饲。在美国，肠内营养作为一种有效的、往往能维持生命的治疗方法被广泛接受。不同支付方和机构对于肠内营养的覆盖范围和支付政策存在差异。这些差异通常可能取决于肠内营养是作为一种独立的治疗方法进行报销，还是被纳入更大的福利范畴。在美国，医疗保险和医疗补助计划是肠内营养的主要公共支付方。肠内营养可能容易被过度使用，尤其是在长期护理机构。肠内营养覆盖范围和支付方面的趋势表明报销将会更加严格；供应商之间的竞争性投标以及基于数据的绩效评估和支付可能是未来肠内营养报销的发展方向。
