Sterkowicz-Przybycień Katarzyna
Department of Theory and Methodology of Gymnastics, University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
Coll Antropol. 2009 Sep;33(3):765-72.
The purpose of this study was to determine body composition and somatotype of the male fencers who were grouped by different fencing weapons. Analysis of body composition, with untrained men as background, will update the data necessary for the somatic profiles of fencers. Thirty contestants were examined during the Polish Fencing Championships in 2004. They took part in epée (n = 10), foil (n = 10) and sabre (n = 10). They were aged 23.3 +/- 2.9; their length of training was 12.6 +/- 2.5 years, with the frequency of training 15.9 +/- 3.1 hours per week. In each weapon style there were champions and vice-champions of Poland from the year 2004. Twelve of them were classified among the first fifty contestants according to the D'Escrime International Federation (FIE) ranking. An experienced evaluator performed 10 measurements necessary to designate somatotypes by means of Heath-Carter method and to estimate the percentage of body fat and composition. Sabre fencers (weight = 84.4 kg, somatotype = 3.4-5.4-1.8) were heavier than both epée fencers (77.9 kg, 3.6-4.9-2.5) and foil fencers (74.9 kg, 2.9-4.2-2.8). Sabre specialists had higher mesomorphy than foil fencers (ANOVA and Bonferroni's multi comparison test). Sabre fencers were characterized by higher fat free mass and a higher BMI and fat free mass index than fencers of the other two weapons. Discriminant analysis result was significant (p < 0.01) with a relative percentage with a 72.4 and a canonical correlation coefficient 0.692, and Wilks' lambda = 0.385. Amongst the 30 observations used to fit the model, 22 (73.3%) were correctly classified. Against the background of non-training men, fencers were distinguished by a higher body weight (79.0 vs. 72.1 kg, t = 3.97, p < 0.001) and a higher height-weight ratio (43.21 vs. 42.46, t = 2.24, p < 0.05). Fencers' somatotypes differed from the somatotypes of the untrained (3.3-4.8-2.3 vs. 3.7-4.3-3.1). They were characterized by their higher mesomorphy (t = 2.10, p < 0.05) and lower ectomorphy (t = 3.48, p < 0.01), as well as greater adiposity (16.8 vs. 15.7%, t = 2.03, p < 0.05).
本研究的目的是确定按不同击剑武器分组的男性击剑运动员的身体成分和体型。以未受过训练的男性为背景进行身体成分分析，将更新击剑运动员身体特征所需的数据。2004年波兰击剑锦标赛期间对30名参赛者进行了检查。他们分别参加重剑（n = 10）、花剑（n = 10）和佩剑（n = 10）比赛。他们的年龄为23.3±2.9岁；训练时长为12.6±2.5年，每周训练频率为15.9±3.1小时。每种武器类型组中都有2004年波兰的冠军和亚军。其中有12人在国际击剑联合会（FIE）排名中位列前五十。一名经验丰富的评估员通过希思 - 卡特方法进行了10项测量，以确定体型并估计身体脂肪百分比和成分。佩剑击剑运动员（体重 = 84.4千克，体型 = 3.4 - 5.4 - 1.8）比重剑击剑运动员（77.9千克，3.6 - 4.9 - 2.5）和花剑击剑运动员（74.9千克，2.9 - 4.2 - 2.8）都更重。佩剑专项运动员的中胚层体型特征比花剑击剑运动员更明显（方差分析和邦费罗尼多重比较检验）。佩剑击剑运动员的特点是无脂肪体重更高且身体质量指数（BMI）和无脂肪质量指数高于其他两种武器类型的击剑运动员。判别分析结果显著（p < 0.01），相对百分比为72.4，典型相关系数为0.692，威尔克斯'λ = 0.385。在用于拟合模型的30个观测值中，22个（73.3%）被正确分类。与未受过训练的男性相比，击剑运动员的体重更高（79.0千克对72.1千克，t = 3.97，p < 0.001）且身高体重比更高（43.21对42.46，t = 2.24，p < 0.05）。击剑运动员的体型与未受过训练者的体型不同（3.3 - 4.8 - 2.3对3.7 - 4.3 - 3.1）。他们的特点是中胚层体型特征更明显（t = 2.10，p < 0.05），外胚层体型特征更低（t = 3.48，p < 0.01），以及肥胖程度更高（16.8%对15.7%，t = 2.03，p < 0.05）。
