University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(5):252. doi: 10.1186/ar2825. Epub 2009 Oct 26.
The majority of autoimmune diseases predominate in females. In searching for an explanation for this female excess, most attention has focused on hormonal changes--both exogenous changes (for example, oral contraceptive pill) and fluctuations in endogenous hormone levels particularly related to menstruation and pregnancy history. Other reasons include genetic differences, both direct (influence of genes on sex chromosomes) and indirect (such as microchimerism), as well as gender differences in lifestyle factors. These will all be reviewed, focusing on the major autoimmune connective tissue disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma.
大多数自身免疫性疾病在女性中更为常见。为了解释这种女性高发的现象，大多数研究都集中在激素变化上，包括外源性变化（例如口服避孕药）和内源性激素水平波动，尤其是与月经和妊娠史相关的波动。其他原因还包括遗传差异，包括直接的（基因对性染色体的影响）和间接的（如微嵌合体），以及生活方式因素方面的性别差异。这些都将被讨论，重点是主要的自身免疫性结缔组织疾病：类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和硬皮病。
