Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
J Exp Med. 1915 Oct 1;22(4):445-56. doi: 10.1084/jem.22.4.445.
Influenza bacilli isolated from various pathological processes in man differ widely in pathogenic power for animals, especially rabbits. While the cultures derived from the leptomeninges and blood, and rarely from the pneumonic lung are pathogenic, those generally derived from the respiratory tract exhibit little or no virulence for rabbits. The two types of cultures as indicated by virulence for animals do not differ in kind, but only in degree, in relation to the serological tests of agglutination, complement deviation, and opsonification. The two types of cultures do, however, differ with respect to their ability to undergo autolysis. While the virulent cultures autolyze almost completely, yielding a turbid supernatant fluid and little sediment, the non-virulent cultures give rise to an abundant sediment and a clear supernatant fluid. The non-virulent cultures incite far less antibody production in rabbits. Hence, rabbits inoculated with non-virulent strains yield sera possessing low antibody content. Conversely, rabbits inoculated with virulent strains yield sera possessing a higher content of antibody. In keeping with and possibly because of the low antibody content of the sera of rabbits inoculated with the non-pathogenic strains, the rabbits so treated are not, as a rule, protected against subsequent inoculation with virulent strains. . Influenza bacilli therefore vary in pathogenic effect both for man and animals, but they are not distinguishable by means of serological reactions into different types. Apparently all influenza bacilli belong to one class or race irrespective of origin or virulence.
从人类各种病理过程中分离出来的流感杆菌，在对动物（特别是兔子）的致病力方面差异很大。虽然来源于脑脊膜和血液的培养物，以及很少来源于肺炎的培养物具有致病性，但通常来源于呼吸道的培养物对兔子的毒力很小或没有。这两种类型的培养物在动物的毒力方面没有不同，只是在与凝集、补体偏离和调理作用的血清学试验有关的程度上有所不同。然而，这两种类型的培养物在自溶能力上有所不同。虽然有毒力的培养物几乎完全自溶，产生混浊的上清液和很少的沉淀物，但非毒性的培养物则产生丰富的沉淀物和清澈的上清液。非毒性的培养物在兔子体内引起的抗体产生要少得多。因此，用非毒性菌株接种的兔子产生的血清具有低抗体含量。相反，用毒性菌株接种的兔子产生的血清具有更高的抗体含量。与可能由于用非致病性菌株接种的兔子的血清中抗体含量低有关，通常情况下，用这种方法处理的兔子不会对随后用毒性菌株进行的接种产生保护作用。因此，流感杆菌在对人和动物的致病效果上都有所不同，但它们不能通过血清学反应区分成不同的类型。显然，所有流感杆菌都属于同一类或种族，无论其来源或毒力如何。
