Elkner K P, Fenske R A, Gallo M
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 Jan;32(1):75-88. doi: 10.1080/15287399109531466.
The constriction of pupil dilation following dark adaptation was studied as a potentially useful biological monitor of systemic exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Pupil dilation and blood cholinesterase levels were monitored in 4 cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration of 2.0 mg/kg parathion in corn oil. No consistent pattern of change in pupil/iris diameter ratios following exposure was found despite depressions in blood cholinesterase activities of 27-50% for red cells and 65-80% for plasma. A slight mydriasis was observed in one of the monkeys, who appeared the most affected behaviorally by the exposure. Results of this work suggest that the measurement of pupil dilation after dark adaptation is not a sensitive indicator for systemic exposure to OPs. However, in situations where direct exposure to the eyes may occur, such as during aerial or airblast pesticide applications, other studies indicate that constriction of pupil dilation can occur at exposure levels below those resulting in systemic effects.
研究了暗适应后瞳孔扩张的收缩情况，以此作为全身暴露于有机磷农药（OPs）的一种潜在有用的生物学监测指标。对4只食蟹猴口服2.0mg/kg对硫磷玉米油溶液后，监测其瞳孔扩张情况和血液胆碱酯酶水平。尽管红细胞和血浆中的血液胆碱酯酶活性分别降低了27%-50%和65%-80%，但暴露后未发现瞳孔/虹膜直径比有一致的变化模式。在其中一只猴子身上观察到轻微散瞳，这只猴子在行为上似乎受暴露影响最大。这项研究结果表明，暗适应后瞳孔扩张的测量并非全身暴露于OPs的敏感指标。然而，在可能直接接触眼睛的情况下，如在空中或气流喷洒农药期间，其他研究表明，在低于导致全身效应的暴露水平时，瞳孔扩张就可能出现收缩。
