Continuous subcutaneous infusions for pain control.

Chronic moderate-to-severe pain is a common problem that directly impacts on the quality of life of the patient with a malignant neoplasm. It is estimated that pain is a major symptom in 70% of cancer patients. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of opioids has proved to be an efficacious and safe method to control the chronic pain of the home-bound and hospitalized patient. A wide variety of opioids can be used, including morphine, hydromorphone, and methadone. The subcutaneous route offers economic as well as physiologic advantages. The primary disadvantage to the system is volume limitations. Competent nursing management of the subcutaneous infusion helps to maximize the effectiveness of the opioid, thereby improving the patient's quality of life.