[杀人案的法医学重要性]

Univerzitet Istocno Sarajevo, Medicinski fakultet Foca, Bosna i Hercegovina, Katedra za psihijatriju.

Med Pregl. 2009 Jul-Aug;62(7-8):358-62. doi: 10.2298/mpns0908358n.

INTRODUCTION

This study encompassed the total number of homicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2006 and then analysed homicidal behaviour. The aim is to assess the differences between the people who committed violent and those who committed accidental homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In a multicentric, retrospective study of comparing the groups with equal number of respondents we analysed the individuals who had committed violent (n=135) and accidental homicides (n=135). The homicides were tested by using sociodemographic and psychosocial items. Measurement instruments were: General data list, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Emotions Profile Index (EPI). The descriptive and multivariable logistic analysis was done statistically.

RESULTS

In the descriptive analysis the socio-demographically violent murderers were: male gender (chi 2=3.340, P=0.009), more workers than officials (chi 2=7.340, P=0.011), fathers were more often workers/farmers (chi 2=1.430, P=0.046), gambling (chi 2=13.100, P=0.001) and possible recidivism (chi 2=6.770, a P=0.001). The accidental murderers were family people (chi 2=4.100, P=0.041), with more frequent drug abuse (chi 2=3.190, P=0.012) and they would not repeat the delict. In the multivariate analysis the violent murderers were highly discriminated (P=0.001) from accidental ones by: war involvement r=0.1148, OR=2.971 (95%), CI=1.040-7.890; age, father's education, psychoticism (EPQ) r =-0.1085, OR=0.291 (95%), CI=0.110-0870, HDRS-total r=-0.1797, OR=0.830 (95%), CI=0.710-0.930, destructiveness r=0.1270, OR=1.560 (95%), (CI=1.197-2.032, and deprivation in the P. I. E. tests.

CONCLUSION

By the violence of their acts murderers confirm micro-social model of transferring the violence, and transition and heredity confirm the ecological-developmental trans-generation model of violence. Accidental murderers commit homicide in anomy, with intoxications and prolonged psycho-traumatism.

引言

本研究涵盖了1997年1月1日至2006年12月31日期间波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）的所有杀人案件，然后对杀人行为进行了分析。目的是评估波黑实施暴力杀人者与意外杀人者之间的差异。

材料与方法

在一项多中心回顾性研究中，我们对数量相等的受访者群体进行了比较，分析了实施暴力杀人的个体（n = 135）和意外杀人的个体（n = 135）。通过社会人口学和心理社会项目对杀人案件进行了测试。测量工具包括：一般数据清单、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HDRS）、情绪特征指数（EPI）。进行了统计学描述性和多变量逻辑分析。

结果

在描述性分析中，社会人口学方面暴力杀人犯的特征为：男性（卡方 = 3.340，P = 0.009），工人比官员多（卡方 = 7.340，P = 0.011），父亲更常是工人/农民（卡方 = 1.430，P = 0.046），有赌博行为（卡方 = 13.100，P = 0.001）以及可能存在累犯（卡方 = 6.770，P = 0.001）。意外杀人犯是有家庭的人（卡方 = 4.100，P = 0.041），药物滥用更频繁（卡方 = 3.190，P = 0.012），且不会再次犯罪。在多变量分析中，暴力杀人犯与意外杀人犯在以下方面有高度差异（P = 0.001）：参与战争r = 0.1148，OR = 2.971（95%），CI = 1.040 - 7.890；年龄、父亲的教育程度、精神质（EPQ）r = -0.1085，OR = 0.291（95%），CI = 0.110 - 0.870，HDRS总分r = -0.1797，OR = 0.830（95%），CI = 0.710 - 0.930，破坏性r = 0.1270，OR = 1.560（95%），（CI = 1.197 - 2.032）以及在P.I.E.测试中的匮乏情况。