Endodontic access.

Access preparation may be the single most important mechanical phase of root canal therapy. This article reviews the essential components of good access design and research intended to help guide treatment planning and clinical treatment, with an emphasis on using available information to develop a three-dimensional mental image of the tooth prior to endodontic access, allowing for safe and efficient endodontic therapy. Guidelines for developing an ideal access form, locating small and calcified canals, and avoiding iatrogenic mishaps are presented. Specific tools for efficient access preparation are identified and explained; in addition, case selection and indications for possible referral to a specialist are discussed.