Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102359, Hanes House, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009 Dec;23(4):1053-75, x. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2009.06.004.
This article reviews three classes of antibacterial agents that are uncommonly used in bacterial infections and therefore can be thought of as special-use agents. The polymyxins are reserved for gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to virtually all other classes of drugs. Rifampin is used therapeutically, occasionally as a companion drug in treatment of refractory gram-positive coccal infections, especially those involving foreign bodies. Rifaximin is a new rifamycin that is a strict enteric antibiotic approved for treatment of traveler's diarrhea and is showing promise as a possible agent for refractory Clostridium difficile infections. The aminoglycosides are used mainly as companion drugs for the treatment of resistant gram-negative bacillary infections and for gram-positive coccal endocarditis.
本文综述了三类在细菌感染中不常用的抗菌药物，可被视为特殊用途药物。多黏菌素仅用于治疗几乎对所有其他类别药物耐药的革兰氏阴性杆菌。利福平被用作治疗药物，偶尔作为治疗某些耐药革兰氏阳性球菌感染（尤其是涉及异物的感染）的辅助药物。利福昔明是一种新型利福霉素，为严格的肠道抗生素，被批准用于治疗旅行者腹泻，并且在治疗耐药性艰难梭菌感染方面显示出良好的应用前景。氨基糖苷类药物主要作为治疗耐药性革兰氏阴性杆菌感染和革兰氏阳性球菌心内膜炎的辅助药物。
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