Ojetti Veronica, Lauritano Ernesto Cristiano, Barbaro Federico, Migneco Alessio, Ainora Maria Elena, Fontana Luigi, Gabrielli Maurizio, Gasbarrini Antonio
Internal Medicine Department, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy. veronica.ojetti tin.it
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Jun;5(6):675-82. doi: 10.1517/17425250902973695.
Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, with a low gastrointestinal absorption and a good antibacterial activity. The antibacterial action covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, both aerobes and anaerobes. Its antimicrobial action is based on its property to bind to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibiting, thereby, the bacterial RNA synthesis. Rifaximin contributes to restore gut microflora imbalance, becoming an important therapeutic agent in several organic and functional gastrointestinal diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory bowel disease and colonic diverticular disease. This antibiotic has the advantage of low microbial resistance and few systemic adverse events and is safe in all patient populations, including young children.
利福昔明是一种半合成的、基于利福霉素的非全身性抗生素，胃肠道吸收低，抗菌活性良好。抗菌作用涵盖革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌，包括需氧菌和厌氧菌。其抗菌作用基于其与细菌DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶的β亚基结合的特性，从而抑制细菌RNA合成。利福昔明有助于恢复肠道微生物群失衡，成为多种器质性和功能性胃肠道疾病（如肝性脑病、小肠细菌过度生长、炎症性肠病和结肠憩室病）的重要治疗药物。这种抗生素具有微生物耐药性低和全身不良反应少的优点，在所有患者群体（包括幼儿）中都是安全的。
