Université de Rennes I, CNRS, UMR 6026, Equipe SPARTE, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
J Cell Sci. 2009 Nov 15;122(Pt 22):4027-34. doi: 10.1242/jcs.054916.
Mammalian transcription factors (TFs) are often involved in differential cell-type- and context-specific transcriptional responses. Recent large-scale comparative studies of TF recruitment to the genome, and of chromatin structure and gene expression, have allowed a better understanding of the general rules that underlie the differential activities of a given TF. It has emerged that chromatin structure dictates the differential binding of a given TF to cell-type-specific cis-regulatory elements. The subsequent regulation of TF activity then ensures the functional activation of only the precise subset of all regulatory sites bound by the TF that are required to mediate appropriate gene expression. Ultimately, the organization of the genome within the nucleus, and crosstalk between different cis-regulatory regions involved in gene regulation, also participate in establishing a specific transcriptional program. In this Commentary, we discuss how the integration of these different and probably intimately linked regulatory mechanisms allow for TF cell-type- and context-specific modulation of gene expression.
哺乳动物转录因子 (TFs) 通常参与细胞类型和上下文特异性转录反应的差异。最近对 TF 基因组募集以及染色质结构和基因表达的大规模比较研究，使我们能够更好地理解特定 TF 差异活性的基础一般规则。已经出现的是，染色质结构决定了特定 TF 对细胞类型特异性顺式调控元件的差异结合。随后的 TF 活性调节确保了仅对 TF 结合的所有调控位点的精确子集进行功能激活，这些调控位点是介导适当基因表达所必需的。最终，基因组在核内的组织以及参与基因调控的不同顺式调控区域之间的串扰也参与建立特定的转录程序。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了这些不同的（可能密切相关的）调控机制如何整合，从而允许 TF 对基因表达进行细胞类型和上下文特异性的调节。
