Department of Therapeutic Endocrinology, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavonic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 May;13(5):623-30. doi: 10.1017/S136898000999200X. Epub 2009 Nov 16.
Although goitre and cretinism were brought under control in Kyrgyzstan during the 1960s by centrally directed iodized salt supplies, iodine-deficiency disorders (IDD) had made a comeback when the USSR broke up in 1991. Upon independence, Kyrgyzstan started developing its own salt processing industry and by 2001 the Government enacted a law on IDD elimination, mandating universal salt iodization (USI) at 25-55 mg/kg. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the USI strategy on the iodine consumption, iodine status and burden of IDD in the population of Kyrgyzstan.
A national, population-representative survey during autumn 2007 collected household salt and urine samples of school-age children and pregnant women for quantitative iodine measurements. Thyroid volume was measured by ultrasound.
The median iodine content in household salt was 11.2 mg/kg; 97.9 % of salt samples were iodized, but only 39.5 % had >or=15 mg iodine/kg. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 114 microg/l in children did not differ from the UIC of 111 microg/l in pregnant women. Thyroid volume in pregnant women increased with the duration of pregnancy. Strong relationships existed between salt iodine levels and the UIC values in children and women.
The iodine nutrition status of the Kyrgyz population is highly responsive to household salt iodization. Although the results in children suggest adequate iodine nutrition, the iodine consumption among pregnant women did not assure their dietary requirements. In-depth analysis of the survey data suggest that excess iodine intake is not likely to become a public health concern in Kyrgyzstan when the salt supply meets agreed standards.
尽管 20 世纪 60 年代在苏联中央政府的主导下，吉尔吉斯斯坦通过供应碘化盐成功控制了甲状腺肿和克汀病，但苏联于 1991 年解体后，碘缺乏症（IDD）又卷土重来。吉尔吉斯斯坦独立后开始发展自己的盐业加工产业，到 2001 年，政府颁布了消除 IDD 的法律，规定盐碘化（USI）含量为 25-55mg/kg。本研究旨在评估全民食盐碘化（USI）策略对吉尔吉斯斯坦人群碘摄入量、碘状况和 IDD 负担的影响。
2007 年秋季进行的一项全国性、代表性人群调查采集了学龄儿童和孕妇家庭用盐和尿液样本，用于定量碘测量。甲状腺体积通过超声测量。
家庭用盐的中位数碘含量为 11.2mg/kg；97.9%的盐样本被碘化，但只有 39.5%的盐样本含碘量大于或等于 15mg/kg。114μg/l 的儿童尿碘中位数与 111μg/l 的孕妇尿碘中位数没有差异。随着妊娠时间的延长，孕妇甲状腺体积增加。盐碘水平与儿童和妇女的尿碘值之间存在很强的相关性。
吉尔吉斯斯坦人群的碘营养状况对家庭用盐碘化非常敏感。尽管儿童的结果表明碘营养充足，但孕妇的碘摄入量并不能满足其膳食需求。对调查数据的深入分析表明，当盐供应符合商定标准时，过量碘摄入不太可能成为吉尔吉斯斯坦的公共卫生问题。
